Aaron : I did not find anything specific to Cardamine. As you seemed to have some tracks, I was just asking for the specific references to spare time and avoid searching again. These ones show that glyphosate harms seeds germination, confirming what I observed with recolonization of treated areas by mixed seedlings from natural species - but for Cardamine. http://jstor.org/discover/10.2307/… http://jstor.org/discover/10.2307/… http://jstor.org/discover/10.2307/… Maybe this article can be of interest to some of you. It concerns weeding strategies. http://horttech.ashspublications.org/content/15/… *Dr. Christian M. Lachaud, PhD* _________________ http://www.saffron-crocuses.com/