From Science News http://www.sciencenews.org/ Once thought to be the last remaining members of a plant lineage that went extinct with the dinosaurs, modern-day cycads are now believed to have diverged from a more recent common ancestor. Although cycad populations suffered major losses about 65 million years ago when dinosaurs — their once primary dispersal agents — went extinct, the plants later experienced a renaissance due to a global climate shift, a new study suggests. Living cycads diverged from an ancestral species that flourished around 12 million years ago, not from older dinosaur-era relatives, an international team of researchers reports online October 20 in Science. To estimate the divergence time of living cycads, researchers used a technique called molecular clock analysis. First they measured the genetic differences separating 200 living cycad species. Since certain genetic changes typically accrue at a fixed rate once species radiate from a common ancestor, scientists were able to use this cycad DNA data, in conjunction with the fossil record, to predict a much more recent divergence. – Nick Bascom My take -- one doesn't usually think of dinosaurs deftly plucking seeds from a cone to enjoy the fleshy aril; that's something a bird or small mammal might do. I wonder what the cycads were like that depended upon dinosaur dispersal. David E. _______________________________________________ pbs mailing list pbs@lists.ibiblio.org http://pacificbulbsociety.org/list.php http://pacificbulbsociety.org/pbswiki/