I've never removed the wings from Gladiolus seeds myself, and seem to have a good germination rate. Another source I turn to is the "Encyclopedia of Cape Bulbs". Generally speaking plants listed there are sown in the fall, and I go by this when in doubt. "Gladiolus in Southern Africa" is a great resource for species gladiolus planting times and culture as is "Moraeas of Southern Africa". Randy -- * * A long habit of not thinking a thing wrong gives it a superficial appearance of being right. - Thomas Paine --- * *