Lee wrote: I never thought of geophytes as requiring an underground dormant phase in order to be considered geophytes. From the wiki "we include all plants with an underground storage organ such as bulbs, corms, rhizomes, tubers. " and "This includes both cold hardy and tender bulbs, and all the bulbs in between. By 'garden with' we also mean to include plants, shrubs, and even trees that we grow as companions to our bulbs." Dear Friends, PBS has always been rather liberal in regard to topics suitable for conversation here. I am sure Jim McKinney will explain that strictly speaking 'Geophyte' refers to any plants that "grow in the ground" . This as opposed to epiphyte, lithophyte etc. , but has come to mean any plant propagated from bulbs, tubers, corms etc. as indicated above. We have extended this to companion plants, almost any plant with a thickened, root, stem or other organs to include orchids, bananas, peonies and many more such as related plants that don't fit any of our criteria. The only thing in common is that these plants do have a thicken portion of their anatomy for food or water storage. They may live on rocks, on trees, under water or any where. I don't think there's many plants we have rejected with even the most feeble of encouragement. The more the merrier. Best Jim -- Dr. James W. Waddick 8871 NW Brostrom Rd. Kansas City Missouri 64152-2711 USA Ph. 816-746-1949 Zone 5 Record low -23F Summer 100F +