----- Original Message ----- From: "Josh Young" <joshy46013@yahoo.com> Would you assume that a flower may evolve to be pollinated by other than that typical for the plant? Josh, I'm not sure if you know this but evolution is not purposeful. Flowers do not evolve in order to be pollinated by anythng in particular. Theoretically, a plant could evolve to have its flowers pollinated by anything in the environment which has been around long enough to exert an evolutionary directionality. Your sentence above suggests that you might think of evolution as purposeful--i.e., as if evolve to be =in order to . However, I may have incorrectly inferred this from the ambiguity of meaning in yor choice of words. If I imputed more to you than you intended--Sorry. It's an important point. Thanks Josh ________________________________ From: Nhu Nguyen <xerantheum@gmail.com> To: Pacific Bulb Society <pbs@lists.ibiblio.org> Sent: Fri, November 5, 2010 5:17:01 PM Subject: Re: [pbs] Window flowers Hi David, Modification of flowers (or lack thereof) almost always has to to with pollinators. Plants that don't need animal pollinators have much reduced petals. Plants that have bats pollinated flowers are often white, bloom at night, and may include a perch. Plants that are pollinated by birds are often colorful (red), blooms during the day and may include a perch (hummingbird pollinated flowers don't have perches). And perhaps by far the most elaborate flowers has to do with insect pollinators. Orchid is one of the groups that takes full advantage of this going from giving a sweet nectar reward to tricking insects to mate with them. Botanists call all of this pollination syndrome. The clearing in the petals must have something to do with these insect pollinators. Nhu Berkeley, CA