Yep. Based on current technology (and all the resources at my disposal), I
can tell you how many individual plants there are, how many populations,
how many genera, families, order...etc. I can even tell if a plant is a
hybrid, what diseases it has, what and how many taxa of microbes live on or
within it, what beneficial fungi it is associated with. I can tell you what
it's chromosome counts are, how many functional genes it has, how the
chromosomes rearranged themselves over time, how the genes rearranged
themselves over time. Then I can infer each plant's evolutionary path and
make an educated guess as to how old the species is and more and more. And
all of this is only possible because of the many years of work botanists,
ecologists, microbiologists, and evolutionary biologists have spent
gathering knowledge. We compare what we know today to what was known
yesterday.