An anecdote to add to this discussion: Near San Francisco Bay there are, for some mysterious reason, several populations of triploid Fritillaria affinis. The one most often grown is from Point Reyes and is known in gardens as 'Wayne Roderick'; I think I posted a photo of it on the wiki at one time. It has never set viable seed (seed with embryos) here, despite the presence of many diploid forms of this species. Recently Ed Rustvold of Berkeley sent me material from two other triploid populations, and this year one of them, growing next to 'Wayne Roderick', set seed with embryos. I'll have to make some deliberate crosses when I get the plants resettled in their new home next year, and see what happens. I don't know if triploids are known in any other species of Fritillaria. Interestingly, it has been suggested that the Liliorhiza section of the genus found in western North AMerica is closer to Lilium than are the Old World Fritillaria sections. My interest is primarily in growing natural species, but it is tempting sometimes to act the bee, and bees also have created some hybrids here within the American frit species. I don't know what the ploidy of the latter may be, presumably all diploid as they set viable seed, but I have noticed that the hybrids are more robust as young plants than are the "true" species, and tend to flower a year earlier. Jane McGary Northwestern Oregon, USA