Ken has some interesting points. All words are man-made things, invented to give us conceptual handles on things in our experience. They allow us to extract ideas from the world around us and to handle them in the abstract. So, I would say that the term "geophyte" is like the terms "bulb" and "tree" -- it describes a physical trait of a plant. In contrast, the terms "genus" and "species" are fundamentally different: They denote relationships. Not all crinums are bulbs, but some are; and not all crinums are geophytes, but some are. However, all crinums are related to all other crinums. So we could use a good, solid, clear definition of "geophyte" that's for sure. Of course, we are under no obligation to limit our interests or even our discussions exclusively to whatever constitute true geophytes. Right? Now, about those animals, plants, fungi, and bacteria..... Jim Shields in cold and snowy but -- thank goodness! -- not icy, central Indiana ************************************************* Jim Shields USDA Zone 5 Shields Gardens, Ltd. P.O. Box 92 WWW: http://www.shieldsgardens.com/ Westfield, Indiana 46074, USA Tel. ++1-317-867-3344 or toll-free 1-866-449-3344 in USA