Dear All; I grow both of the above and the yellow tipped L. v. carpaticum. L. aestivum (which always blooms prior to vernum and this never made sense) increases in clump size and self sews with some abandon. Seems like every flower stalk make hugs grape-size clusters of fruits, these fall a foot or so away and a new clump is there next spring. cv 'Gravetye Giant' is not nearly so vigorous, but does fine. L. vernum and var carpaticum is much slow than L. aestivum and I do not recall any self sewing and few seeds. It is not dwindling though so I shouldn't complain. All are perfectly hardy which I can't say for any of the other species I have tried here. happy Holidays Jim W. -- Dr. James W. Waddick 8871 NW Brostrom Rd. Kansas City Missouri 64152-2711 USA Ph. 816-746-1949 Zone 5 Record low -23F Summer 100F +