Judy Glattstein referred to homemade concoctions for repelling deer. A gardener friend told me recently to add Wiltpruf to whatever you make up to make it last longer. My mix consists of very old eggs, garlic, pepper flakes, and some liquid Joy. It smells terrible. I have read somewhere that Wiltpruf will harm some plants--don't know which ones, so this might bear investigate before trying it. I've even had a few reports of deer eating daffodils, which is very unusual. In this part of the country we have the white-tailed deer--beautiful animals, but what they don't eat they kill by rubbing tree bark off. Bill Lee z6a Cincinnati