While there aren't any truly fall-blooming species among the Themidaceae and Calochortus, the bloom time for all these species is spread over quite a wide season, starting in February (even January for some southern California species) and extending into July and August, not counting the alpine species. One advantage in blooming late that I don't think was mentioned is better protection from predation from birds and mice. Mice and other rodents love Calochortus seed, and you can often find seed pods nibbled and empty of seed in entire populations. Some years ago I gathered seed of Brodiaea elegans, Triteleia laxa and Calochortus luteus from my own property and kept the seed in paper bags over the summer. Then, when the winter rains commenced, I scattered the seed in an uncultivated area of my property without any prior soil preparation or weed removal (the soil was pretty bare by that time, the annual grasses having died away and disappeared). The results were amazing. I almost forgot what I had done until about three years later, when, in late spring I saw buds of these species poking up everywhere. All that had happened was that the seed had been protected from predation from the period of the ripening of seed until the rainy season started. Diana Chapman