Dave, I'm not sure how deep I planted them; probably 4 to 6 inches. I'll try some more of the Glad. oppositiflorus salmoneus in the ground next spring, as I have plenty of these seedlings. We of course get a lot colder some winters, and our ground can freeze as deep as 2 or 3 ft. Fortunately, it rarely freezes deeper than 4 to 6 inches, which is what it does most winters. I suspect it is not the cold but the wet we had last winter that did them in. If you come across a source for genuine Gladiolus saundersii, please let me know. I really want to try them and try crossing them with G. opp. salmoneus to test for winter hardiness here. Regards, Jim ************************************************* Jim Shields USDA Zone 5 Shields Gardens, Ltd. P.O. Box 92 WWW: http://www.shieldsgardens.com/ Westfield, Indiana 46074, USA Tel. +1-317-896-3925