Kathleen : ok ! Some of them look very similar indeed. I think we have only one though, considering morphology, natural geographic distribution, and environmental requirements (for instance, the last one in your list seems to like damp soils). If population of Cardamine was heterogeneous with different species, how do you think it would modify the global pattern of invasiveness and what seems to be seeds reaction to roundup ? Look at that one : Holly sh. !!! (that's how it looks here on hopefully small patches where rounduped) http://www.flickr.com/photos/hommfarm/7012233943/ *Dr. Christian M. Lachaud, PhD* _________________ http://www.saffron-crocuses.com/