Jim, et al, I didn't mean to mis-inform, my apologies. The typical named cv I have purchased in Europe is of European origin, and the few of the USA ones were, also, propagated in the USA. I take it there is a much larger influx of imported wares in the USA. The few clearly imported plants I've seen in Europe, other than the Chinese imports, were actually from Korea. Not surprising, as they have a long tradition with the genus as well. These plants rarely carry a name, just a colour. I wonder if many plants are brokered through Japan, much like bulbs are brokered through Holland. Be as it may, I take a great deal of joy in their blossoms, regardless of their origins. Speaking of origins, I was not refering to cultivar origins, but the plants origin (product). We are seeing many European originated cultivars being produced once again in Europe. (if you can afford it, L'Esperance is on the market, again!) Much of this product comes from France and Italy and, of course England , but there are many smaller producers in the new lands (term we use for previous eastern block countries). A note, which may be interesting to collectors, many older cvs are turning up in the Baltic countries and in east Germany. I have a few P. rockii hybrids that are just wonderfull. I have a thing for the simpler forms Another trick I use with scions that would otherwise be buried; I plant them in a hole, which I then fill as the scion grows, with a rich, but open soil mix. Works well, so far. I've had a few lactiflora sprouts on some, which have been a nuisance, but they seem to disappear after a few years. Possibly the soil type has an influence on understock survival. I have heavy clay-type soil, slightly alkaline. Jim Shields asked about good cvs for his garden. A favourite for myself is HIGH NOON. Very robust, repeat bloomer most years, but I do not know how shade tolerant it is. Both of my plants get 4 hours full sun, the rest of the day shade. KAMADA FUJI, SOUVENIR DE MAXIME CORNU and SHIMANE CHOJURAKU, also seem to be easy subjects. Ciao, Jamie V. Cologne